Why is biodiversity considered crucial for ecosystems?

Biodiversity is considered crucial for ecosystems because it plays a significant role in ensuring that these systems remain stable and resilient. A diverse range of species contributes to a variety of functions and interactions within an ecosystem, which helps to maintain ecological balance. This diversity allows ecosystems to withstand disturbances, adapt to environmental changes, and recover from stressors such as diseases, invasions, or climate fluctuations. For instance, if a particular species is affected by a disease, other species can fill its ecological role, ensuring that the overall system continues to function effectively.

Having a wide array of species also tends to enhance ecosystem services, like nutrient cycling, pollination, and water purification. Each species contributes to these processes in its unique way, and a greater variety often leads to more efficient and effective ecosystem functioning. Hence, biodiversity is fundamental to the sustainability and resilience of ecosystems.