What type of organism primarily breaks down dead organic material?

The correct answer is C, as detritivores are specifically organisms that play a crucial role in decomposing dead organic material. They consume decomposing plant and animal parts, breaking down this matter into smaller pieces, which aids in the process of nutrient recycling in ecosystems. This decomposition process is essential for the health of an ecosystem, as it replenishes the soil with nutrients and provides energy for other organisms.

Detritivores, such as earthworms, fungi, and certain types of bacteria, contribute significantly to the breakdown of organic matter, allowing for the continuous flow of energy through the food web. Their activity facilitates the conversion of complex organic materials into simpler substances, making the nutrients available for use by primary producers, such as plants, which in turn support higher trophic levels in the ecosystem.

The other types of organisms listed do not primarily fulfill this role. Producers are organisms that synthesize their food from sunlight or inorganic substances, primarily through photosynthesis. Herbivores consume plant material, while carnivores feed on other animals. Each of these groups has a different role in the ecosystem, but detritivores are uniquely suited to breaking down dead organic material specifically.