What is the term for the conversion of ammonia to nitrite and nitrate?

The conversion of ammonia to nitrite and nitrate is called nitrification. This process is a crucial part of the nitrogen cycle, where ammonia (often derived from organic matter or animal waste) is first oxidized to nitrite by bacteria such as Nitrosomonas. Subsequently, additional bacteria like Nitrobacter convert nitrite into nitrate. Nitrate is a form of nitrogen that is more readily absorbed by plants, making nitrification an essential step in soil fertility and ecosystem productivity.

This process also plays a significant role in maintaining the environmental balance, as it helps to prevent the accumulation of ammonia, which can be toxic to aquatic life and terrestrial organisms. Understanding nitrification is important for agricultural practices, wastewater management, and ecological health.