What does carrying capacity refer to in animal populations?

Carrying capacity is a fundamental concept in ecology that defines the maximum number of individuals of a particular species that an environment can sustainably support over time. This limit is determined by the availability of resources such as food, water, shelter, and the overall environmental conditions. When a population exceeds its carrying capacity, it can lead to overexploitation of resources, resulting in a decline in population due to increased competition, starvation, or disease.

In the context of animal populations, the correct choice highlights this crucial aspect of ecological balance, as it emphasizes the importance of resource availability in supporting a healthy and stable population size. Understanding carrying capacity helps in wildlife management and conservation efforts, ensuring that animal populations can thrive without damaging their ecosystems.