How do humans primarily impact ecosystems?

Humans primarily impact ecosystems through pollution and habitat destruction. These two factors are significant because they can lead to the degradation of natural habitats, loss of biodiversity, and alteration of ecosystem processes. Pollution, whether it comes from industrial activities, agricultural runoff, or waste disposal, introduces harmful substances into the environment that can harm or kill wildlife, degrade air and water quality, and disrupt the balance of ecosystems.

Habitat destruction occurs through activities such as urban development, logging, mining, and agriculture, which involve clearing land and altering natural landscapes. This destruction not only eliminates the habitats that many species rely on for survival but also fragments ecosystems, making it difficult for species to find food, mates, or migrate according to their natural patterns. Together, these impacts contribute significantly to the loss of biodiversity and the overall health of ecosystems, which is why this answer accurately describes the primary way humans influence their natural environments.